united states
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U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap (June 2023)
Strategy and Roadmap at a Glance (June 2023)
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Updated November 2024
· In May, DOE’s Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office announced the publication of its Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP), a detailed strategy and planning document that will help guide clean hydrogen innovation and research in the coming years. The MYPP sets forth HFTO's mission, goals, and strategic approach relative to broader DOE and national clean energy priorities.
· In September, DOE opened its Emissions Value Request Process in support of the U.S. Department of the Treasury's implementation of the Clean Hydrogen Production Tax Credit (45V) enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). In the process, taxpayers whose hydrogen production technology and/or feedstock is not included in the most recent version of the 45VH2-GREET model, can use the Emissions Value Request Process to request an emissions value from DOE, which is necessary to petition the Internal Revenue Service for a determination of a provisional emissions rate.
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Updated November 2024
· Advanced Materials for Hydrogen Infrastructure Technologies Workshop at the SAMPE 2024 Conference and Exhibition in Long Beach, California. The workshop explored current challenges and opportunities for the use of fiber-reinforced composites in hydrogen infrastructure applications.
· In May, DOE published a technical program record examining Clean Hydrogen Production Cost Scenarios with PEM Electrolyzer Technology. This record documents the cost of $5 to $7 per kilogram—which is the modeled levelized cost of clean hydrogen produced from renewable electricity using currently available proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer technology and various renewable energy sources.
· In August, DOE published a technical program record documenting the estimated cost of fuel cells for heavy-duty transportation applications. The cost of a 275-kWnet proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for a Class 8 long-haul heavy-duty truck based on 2023-status next-generation laboratory technology and operating on direct hydrogen is projected to be approximately $170/kWnet when manufactured at a volume of 50,000 units/year (~$160/kWnet when manufactured at a volume of 100,000 units/year).
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Updated November 2024
· A report published in April by DOE’s Alaska Hydrogen Working Group explores the hydrogen economy in Alaska and establishes understanding of Alaska's hydrogen-related resources. It also outlines key opportunities to develop workforce programs, policy and regulatory frameworks, future research, and more.
· In May, DOE published a technical program record documenting planned and installed electrolyzer capacity in the United States (including firm announcements and those under construction), which totaled approximately 4.5 GW as of May 2024 (this is approximately a 20% increase (0.8 GW) compared to 2023.)
· In May, DOE published a technical program record documenting existing and planned hydrogen liquefaction capacity in the United States, which totaled approximately 794 mtpd (metric tons per day) as of May 2024. Current total operating capacity is estimated as 304 mtpd from 14 plants with capacities of 5–32 mtpd. Additional capacity from 10–90 mtpd plants could total 490 mtpd, with 4 plants under construction and 9 plants in varying stages of planning and development.
· In August, DOE announced the first tranches of funding for the California Hydrogen Hub, Appalachian Hydrogen Hub, and Pacific Northwest Hydrogen Hub, three of the seven Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs) unveiled in late 2023.
· In September, DOE announced the selection of first-of-a-kind efforts to improve community engagement and ensure the benefits of the clean energy revolution are felt by all Americans. This was part of a larger announcement of nearly $62 million in funding for hydrogen and fuel cell RDD&D.
· In September, DOE announced $3 million for a new initiative to help grow the readiness of the workforce needed to decarbonize the U.S. industrial sector. This includes opportunities for hydrogen workforce development.
· In October, DOE announced that regional government and development partners in Northeastern Minnesota will receive DOE support to develop hydrogen and renewable energy systems and a clean energy workforce, to enable the deployment of a green iron plant.
· On October 8—in observance of National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day—the U.S. government's Hydrogen Interagency Task Force (HIT) released Introduction to Clean Hydrogen and FAQs and Common Concerns about Clean Hydrogen, two plain-language information resources written for the general public. With the publication of these concise and handy resources, the HIT aims to expand understanding of hydrogen and its potential role in a future clean, affordable, resilient, and equitable economy.
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Updated November 2024
· In April, DOE hosted a forum-based training session at the Boston Museum of Science entitled Harnessing Hydrogen for a Just Transition. This full-day event convened nearly 100 participants interested in building stronger engagement platforms with local communities, and explored the use of a new forum tool for engaging stakeholders potentially affected by hydrogen deployments.
· In May, the DOE Hydrogen Program hosted its 2024 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting. This four-day event convened more than 1,000 attendees and showcased projects and subprograms from DOE's hydrogen portfolio, along with selected projects from other federal agencies.
· From March to November, DOE hosted monthly “H2IQ Hour” webinars on a range of stakeholder-focused topics, including the H2EDGE Workforce Development initiative, the “Tri-Gen” system (which co-generates electricity, heat, and hydrogen) at the Port of Long Beach, the National Petroleum Council’s study on low-carbon hydrogen, the ARIES Flatiron Campus MW-Scale Hydrogen System Research Platform; Regulation and Permitting of Hydrogen and Natural Gas Pipelines; and Hydrogen and Community Benefits Public Forums
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Updated November 2024
· Prize Competitions and Loan Guarantees:
· In April, DOE announced the phase-two winners of the Hydrogen Shot Incubator Prize, a multi-phase competition launched by HFTO to identify, develop, and test disruptive technologies that reduce the cost of producing clean hydrogen.
· In April, DOE announced winners of the Manufacture of Advanced Key Energy Infrastructure Technologies (MAKE IT) Prize. Hydrogen-related selections include Anderson Clean Energy and Ballard Power Systems. Anderson Clean Energy, on behalf of Bosch US, plans to establish an electrolyzer manufacturing facility in South Carolina.
· In May, DOE announced a conditional commitment to Plug Power Inc. for up to $1.66 billion in the form of a loan guarantee to help finance the construction of up to six facilities across several states to produce clean hydrogen utilizing the company's electrolyzer technology.
· Research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D) open solicitations:
· DOE announced $8 million for up to 15 research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) projects that leverage DOE's Roll-to-Roll (R2R) Consortium. This funding provides an opportunity for private sector entities to partner with national labs to receive funding via cooperative research and development agreements
· The Joint Office of Energy and Transportation (DOE and US Department of Transportation) announced a$1.3 billion funding opportunity for electric vehicle charging and alternative fueling infrastructure—including hydrogen fueling infrastructure—in urban and rural communities and along designated highways, interstates, and major roadways.
· DOE announced up $5 million to support cooperative research between NREL and external partners that will advance the integration of hydrogen technologies in future energy systems. This funding will provide an opportunity to partner with NREL via cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs) and use the Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) research platform.
· Research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D) grants: From March to November, the U.S. Government announced more than $723 million in investments (awarded projects) to support RDD&D of clean hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, including:
· $7 million for a project to support small-scale biomass carbon removal and storage technology, using wood waste to demonstrate a gasification system for hydrogen production coupled with CO2 capture. This is part of a larger package of funding to support CO2 removal technologies. (US DOE)
· $8 million to support seven projects that will advance efficient, scalable, high-throughput, and high-quality processes for manufacturing fuel cell and electrolyzer materials through the Roll-to-Roll (R2R) Consortium. This consortium of national laboratories will develop efficient processes that reduce the cost of manufacturing electrolyzers and fuel cells. (US DOE)
· $18 million for nine projects to accelerate research that supports the detection and quantification of hydrogen emissions throughout the supply chain. (US DOE)
· $17.1 million for 15 hydrogen and fuel cell R&D projects, as part of a larger announcement of Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer awards. (US DOE)
· Nearly $62 million for 20 projects to accelerate the RDD&D of next-generation clean hydrogen technologies. These projects will advance critical elements of hydrogen fueling infrastructure, develop and demonstrate hydrogen-powered container-handling equipment for use at ports, and improve processes essential to the efficient, timely, and equitable deployment of hydrogen technologies. Among the selected projects are innovative, first-of-a-kind efforts to improve community engagement and ensure the benefits of the clean energy revolution are felt by all Americans. (US DOE)
· $8.8 million for 11 university-based research and development projects to improve the performance of hydrogen-fueled turbines. (US DOE)
· About $3.4 million for 17 projects to conduct R&D of clean hydrogen and fuel cell applications. This is part of a larger announcement of selections for the Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer programs. (US DOE)
· About $8 million for two projects to advance concentrating solar-thermal systems technologies to produce hydrogen. These two projects are part of a larger $33 million package to advance concentrating solar-thermal systems technologies to produce solar fuels. (US DOE)
· Up to $4 million in federal funding to advance clean hydrogen production—through the use of reversible fuel cells—and help make clean hydrogen a more available and affordable option for decarbonization across multiple sectors. (US DOE)
· Up to $15 million to support R&D projects that convert feedstocks—such as coal, biomass, petcoke, household waste, industrial wastes, and waste plastics—into synthesis gas, also known as syngas, to enable the low-cost production of clean hydrogen.
· $475 million for six port authorities to advance hydrogen-based port operations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA])
· $97 Million for hydrogen-related rail projects—as part of larger $2.4 billion package to improve safety, strengthen supply chains, and grow America’s freight and passenger rail networks. (U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Rail Administration)
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Updated November 2024
· In celebration of National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day (October 8), the Center for Hydrogen Safety (CHS) announced that the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), an agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation, has joined CHS as a strategic partner.
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Federal websites relating to hydrogen and fuel cell policy, research programs, and stakeholder associations:
Key stakeholder associations:
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June 2023
US government (USG) released a national clean hydrogen strategy and roadmap
December 2020
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released its Hydrogen Program Plan in November 2020. The Plan is a coordinated effort across multiple offices within the DOE and provides the framework for hydrogen research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities. The Hydrogen Program Plan focuses on advancing affordable production, transport, storage, and use of hydrogen across different sectors of the economy.
DOE National Labs published three H2@Scale technical reports related to resource analysis as well as supply and demand potential for hydrogen. Analysis indicates that the demand potential for hydrogen in the U.S. may be 2 to 4 times higher than today’s volumes of 10 million metric tons.
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June 2020
Road Map to a US Hydrogen Economy: Full Report
"A coalition of major oil & gas, power, automotive, fuel cell, and hydrogen companies have come together to develop a Road Map to a US Hydrogen Economy. This comprehensive Road Map details how the U.S. can expand its global energy leadership, by scaling up activity in the rapidly emerging and evolving hydrogen economy, as policy makers and industry work together and take the right steps. More
Planning Documents
In 2006, the DOE's hydrogen and fuel cell activities were documented at a high level in the Hydrogen Posture Plan PDF 2.46MB), which also included U.S. Department of Transportation activities. In 2011, the Department of Energy released the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Plan that outlines the strategy, activities, and plans of the DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program. Detailed discussions of the barriers as well as current and planned RD&D activities can be found in the hydrogen R&D plans of the individual DOE offices, as follows:
Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE): Multiyear Research, Development and Demonstration Plan
Office of Nuclear Energy (NE): Nuclear Hydrogen R&D Plan (PDF 1.81MB)
Office of Fossil Energy (FE): Hydrogen from Coal Program Research, Development and Demonstration Plan (PDF 1.45MB)
Office of Science (SC): Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy(PDF 7.24MB)
Reports to Congress
DOE's Fuel Cell School Buses Report to Congress (PDF 783KB)
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United States Statement(PDF); 40th Steering Committee Meeting; Washington DC, USA; 4-5 October 2023
United States Statement(PDF); 36th Steering Committee Meeting; Virtual, 16 - 17 Nov 2021
United States Statement (PDF); 34th Steering Committee Meeting; Virtual, 22 - 25 June 2021
United States Statement (PDF); 34th Steering Committee Meeting; Virtual, 1 - 4 December 2020
United States Statement (PDF); 33nd Steering Committee Meeting; Virtual, 16 - 19 June 2020
United States Statement (PDF); 32nd Steering Committee Meeting; Seoul, Republic of Korea; 21-25 October 2019
United States Statement (PDF 497KB); 31st Steering Committee Meeting; Vienna, Austria; 9-12 April 2019
United States Statement (PDF); 30th Steering Committee Meeting; Pretoria, South Africa; 4-7 December 2018
United States Statement (PDF); 29th Steering Committee Meeting; Kobe, Japan; 8-11 May 2018
United States Statement (PDF); 28th Steering Committee Meeting; Netherlands; 20-23 November 2017
United States Statement (PDF); 27th Steering Committee Meeting; Hamburg, Germany; 25-28 April 2017
United States Statement (PDF); 26th Steering Committee Meeting; Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 1-4 November 2016
United States Statement (PDF 434KB); 25th Steering Committee Meeting; Berkeley, CA, USA; 17-20 May 2016
United States Statement (PDF); 24th Steering Committee Meeting; Grenoble, France; 1-3 December 2015
United States Statement (PDF); 23rd Steering Committee Meeting; Wuhan, China; 27-28 May 2015
United States Statement (PDF 2.60MB); 22nd Steering Committee Meeting; Rome, Italy; 2-3 December 2014
United States Statement (PDF 1.45MB); 21st Steering Committee Meeting; Oslo, Norway; 19-21 May 2014
United States Statement (PDF 3.25MB); 20th Steering Committee Meeting; City of Fukuoka, Japan; 20-21 November 2013
United States Statement (PDF 2.69MB); 19th Steering Committee Meeting; London, United Kingdom; 23-24 May 2013
United States Statement (PDF 5.23MB); 18th Steering Committee Meeting; Seville, Spain; 14 November 2012
United States Statement (PDF 3.96MB); 17th Steering Committee Meeting; Cape Town, South Africa; 3-4 May 2012
United States Presentation (PDF 1.16MB); 13th Joint Meeting of the ILC & SC; Essen, Germany; May 2010
United States Statement(PDF 3.16MB); ILC/SC Joint Meeting; Washington, DC; 1-3 December 2009
United States Statement (PDF 580KB); Implementation-Liaison Committee Meeting; Seoul, Korea; 11-14 June 2007
United States Statement (PDF 427KB); Steering Committee Meeting Sao Paulo, Brazil; 24-25 April 2007
United States Statement (PDF 352KB); Implementation-Liaison Committee Meeting; Oxford, England; 30 January - 1 February 2007
United States Statement (PDF 2.77MB); Implementation-Liaison Committee Meeting; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 22 March 2005
United States Statement (PDF 1.67MB); Steering Committee Meeting; Beijing, China; 26-28 May 2004
U.S. Secretary of Energy Statement (PDF 96KB); IPHE Inaugural Ministerial Meeting; Washington, D.C.; 20 Nov 2003
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Contact: Sunita Satyapal | Sunita.Satyapal@ee.doe.gov & Vanessa Arjona Vanessa.Arjona@ee.doe.gov